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Writing 101: Life in the Universe

Prof. Thompson, Spring 2025

CSE Style

CSE Style

Check out these CSE 9th Edition resources:

APA Style

APA Style

The APA style is often used by students and scholars in the social sciences, especially in the fields of psychology and sociology.

Formatting In-Text Citations

APA features in-text citation, which typically includes the author's last name and date (Lipson 2018).

Common Exceptions 

  • When quoting directly with APA, include a specific page number 
    • "microaggressions are brief, everyday exchanges that send denigrating messages to people of color because they belong to a racial minority group" (Sue, et. al 2007, p. 273)
  • If you cite an author in a sentence, then you should exclude the author from the in-text citation.
    • Sue et. al describes various types of microaggressions, such as microasault (2007).

Quick Citation Rules

Full Style Guide

MLA Style

MLA Style Guide

The MLA style utilizes in text citations and MLA and has a standard template for developing bibliography references.

Formatting In-Text Citations

The general format for in-text references is to include the author's last name and the page number for the specific quote or reference. Place the parenthetical reference at the end of the sentence (Author 123).

Common Exceptions

  • If you mention the author's name in the sentence preceding a citation, leave the author's name out of the citation.
    • e.g. Martin Heidegger's explanation of anxiety...(34)
  • No author: Instead of author name, us a shortened version of the title in italics or in quotes for an article.

Quick Citation Rules

Full Citation Guide

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